Even with a simple shaped part, uniform density distribution is not easily achieved.
So when a complex-shape part is required, precise control of every movement of each punch is necessary to achieve the best density distribution possible.
To maximise results, the compaction movements also  need to be tailored to suit the specific powder and shape to be compacted. For example, axes movements that are suitable for a complex shaped part using metal powders (e.g. hub synchronizer or pulley) will not be suitable for the manufacture of refractory shaped brick and vice versa.

Compaction phases

Metal powders

• filling
• powder transfer
• compaction
• force reduction
• withdrawal
• ejection
• pick and place
  

Refractory powders

• filling
• compaction
• de-airing
• force reduction
• withdrawal
• pick and place